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Irreversible cell Injury


     Irreversible cell Injury :-

   ⇨   Persistence of ischemia  or hypoxia is caused the irreversible cell injury to damage structure and function of cells.

·         ⇨  In this stage injured cell can not return to normal .

       

1)    Damage to cell membrane function & plasma membrane :-

                                                                             ⇩

Reduction in ATP , depletion of protein reduced intra cellular pH & leakage of lysosomal enzyme into the plasma                       

                                                                            ⇩                                                                                                                            Continued influx of  water                                                                                                                 ⇩                                                  

 Damage/loss of membrane phaspholipids & loss of protective amino acids (like glycine)            

                                                     ⇩                                                 

                                           Damage of cell membrane                                                                                                                       ⇩                                                                                  Massive influx of Ca.

2)    Calcium Influx:-

 

Massive Ca++ influx (into mitochondria)

                                      ⇩                                              

  activation of many enzymes and large flocculent mitochondrial densities formation .


Nuclear  change in IRCI:-

 

                                          Activated  endonucleases                                                

⇩

 Nuclear damage

Some specific term:-

 

(A) Pyknosis:- degeneration and condensation of nuclear chromatin.

Means:-   breakdown of nuclear & stick to each other

 

(B) Karyorrhexix :-  Nuclear fragmentation

 

(C) Karyolysis:-  Dissolution of the nucleus

 


 Normal cell

           Pyknosis

                                   ⇩     

          Karyorrhexis

                   ⇩

            Karyolysis


 Cell death in three condition.

cell death in three conditiion .

·

  • ·                           Apoptosis       
  •                             Necrosis 
  •                             Autophagy         

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