Irreversible cell Injury :-
⇨ Persistence of ischemia or hypoxia is caused the irreversible cell injury to damage structure and function of cells.
· ⇨ In this stage injured cell can not return to normal .
1) Damage to cell membrane function & plasma membrane :-
⇩
Reduction in ATP , depletion of protein reduced intra cellular pH & leakage of lysosomal enzyme into the plasma
⇩ Continued influx of water ⇩
Damage/loss of membrane phaspholipids & loss of protective amino acids (like glycine)
⇩
Damage of cell membrane ⇩ Massive influx of Ca.
2) Calcium Influx:-
Massive Ca++ influx (into mitochondria)
⇩
activation of many enzymes and large flocculent mitochondrial densities formation .
Nuclear change in IRCI:-
Activated endonucleases
⇩
Nuclear damage
Some specific term:-
(A) Pyknosis:- degeneration and condensation of nuclear chromatin.
Means:- breakdown of nuclear & stick to each other
(B) Karyorrhexix :- Nuclear fragmentation
(C) Karyolysis:- Dissolution of the nucleus
Normal cell
Pyknosis
Karyorrhexis
⇩
Karyolysis
Cell death in three condition.
·
- · Apoptosis
- Necrosis
- Autophagy
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